{"id":2243,"date":"2022-10-14T02:39:04","date_gmt":"2022-10-14T02:39:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ionfarms.com\/?p=2243"},"modified":"2022-11-10T04:47:56","modified_gmt":"2022-11-10T04:47:56","slug":"oxidation-reduction-potential","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ionfarms.com\/pt\/blog\/potencial-de-oxidacao-reducao\/","title":{"rendered":"Potencial de Oxida\u00e7\u00e3o-Redu\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Potencial de Oxida\u00e7\u00e3o-Redu\u00e7\u00e3o (ORP)<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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O que \u00e9 potencial de oxida\u00e7\u00e3o-redu\u00e7\u00e3o? <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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O potencial de redu\u00e7\u00e3o de oxida\u00e7\u00e3o (ORP) mede a capacidade de um lago ou rio de se limpar ou decompor produtos residuais, como contaminantes e plantas e animais mortos.<\/p>

Quando o valor de ORP \u00e9 alto, h\u00e1 muito oxig\u00eanio presente na \u00e1gua. Isso significa que as bact\u00e9rias que decomp\u00f5em tecidos mortos e contaminantes podem trabalhar com mais efici\u00eancia.<\/p>

Em geral, quanto maior o valor de ORP, mais saud\u00e1vel \u00e9 o lago ou rio.<\/p>

No entanto, mesmo em lagos e rios saud\u00e1veis, h\u00e1 menos oxig\u00eanio (e, portanto, valores de ORP mais baixos) \u00e0 medida que voc\u00ea se aproxima dos sedimentos do fundo (lama; veja a imagem abaixo do fundo de um lago).<\/p>

Isso ocorre porque h\u00e1 muitas bact\u00e9rias trabalhando duro nos sedimentos para decompor o tecido morto e consomem muito oxig\u00eanio dispon\u00edvel.<\/p>

De fato, o oxig\u00eanio desaparece muito rapidamente na lama do fundo (geralmente em um ou dois cent\u00edmetros) e o ORP cai rapidamente. O ORP \u00e9 medido al\u00e9m do oxig\u00eanio dissolvido porque o ORP pode fornecer aos cientistas informa\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais sobre a qualidade da \u00e1gua e o grau de polui\u00e7\u00e3o, se houver.<\/p>

Al\u00e9m disso, existem outros elementos que podem funcionar como o oxig\u00eanio (em termos de qu\u00edmica) e contribuir para o aumento do ORP.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Por que o potencial de oxida\u00e7\u00e3o-redu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 importante?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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ORP depende da quantidade de oxig\u00eanio dissolvido que est\u00e1 na \u00e1gua, bem como do n\u00famero de outros elementos que funcionam de forma semelhante ao oxig\u00eanio.<\/p>

Embora n\u00e3o seja tecnicamente correto, o oxig\u00eanio e outros elementos que contribuem para o alto ORP ajudam efetivamente a 'comer' coisas que n\u00e3o queremos na \u00e1gua - como contaminantes e tecidos mortos.<\/p>

Quando o ORP \u00e9 baixo, o oxig\u00eanio dissolvido \u00e9 baixo, a toxicidade de certos metais e contaminantes pode aumentar e h\u00e1 muito material morto e em decomposi\u00e7\u00e3o na \u00e1gua que n\u00e3o pode ser limpo ou decomposto.<\/p>

Este n\u00e3o \u00e9 um ambiente saud\u00e1vel para peixes ou insetos.<\/p>

Em \u00e1guas saud\u00e1veis, o ORP deve ser alto entre 300 e 500 milivolts.<\/p>

No Norte, podemos esperar baixo ORP em \u00e1guas que recebem aportes de esgoto ou res\u00edduos industriais.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"oxida\u00e7\u00e3o\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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[Oxidantes = C\u00e9lulas Danificadas]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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[Antioxidantes = C\u00e9lulas Protetoras]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Como medimos o potencial de oxida\u00e7\u00e3o-redu\u00e7\u00e3o? <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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O ORP \u00e9 medido diretamente na \u00e1gua do lago ou rio que voc\u00ea est\u00e1 investigando usando um sensor ORP.<\/p>

ORP \u00e9 medido em milivolts (mV) e quanto mais oxig\u00eanio estiver presente na \u00e1gua, maior ser\u00e1 a leitura de ORP.<\/p>

ORP pode estar acima de zero ou abaixo de zero.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Refer\u00eancias para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es<\/p>

Hamasaki, Takeki, et ai. \u201c\u00c1gua eletroquimicamente reduzida exerce atividade de elimina\u00e7\u00e3o de esp\u00e9cies reativas de oxig\u00eanio superior em c\u00e9lulas HT1080 do que o n\u00edvel equivalente de \u00e1gua dissolvida em hidrog\u00eanio.\u201d PLoS Um, vol. 12, n\u00e3o. 2, 2017. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28182635<\/a> Hanaoka, Kokichi, et ai. \u201cO mecanismo dos efeitos antioxidantes aprimorados contra radicais de \u00e2nion super\u00f3xido de \u00e1gua reduzida produzida por eletr\u00f3lise.\u201d Qu\u00edmica Biof\u00edsica, vol. 107, n\u00ba. 1, 2004, pp. 71-82. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed<\/a>\/14871602 Hanaoka, K. \u201cEfeitos antioxidantes da \u00e1gua reduzida produzida por eletr\u00f3lise de solu\u00e7\u00f5es de cloreto de s\u00f3dio\u201d. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, vol. 31, n\u00e3o. 12, 2001, pp. 1307-1313. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1013825009701 Huang, Kuo-Chin, et al. \u201cEstresse Oxidativo Induzido por Hemodi\u00e1lise Reduzido em Pacientes com Doen\u00e7a Renal em Est\u00e1gio Final por \u00c1gua Eletrolisada Reduzida\u201d. Kidney Internacional, vol. 64, n\u00ba. 2, 2003, pp. 704-714. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12846769<\/a> Keramati Yazdi, Fatemeh, et ai. \u201cEfeito radioprotetor da \u00e1gua de Zamzam (alcalina): um estudo citogen\u00e9tico\u201d. Jornal de Radioatividade Ambiental, vol. 167, 2017, p\u00e1gs. 166-169. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27839844 Lee, Mi Young, et al. \u201c\u00c1gua eletrolisada reduzida protege contra danos oxidativos ao DNA, RNA e prote\u00ednas.\u201d Bioqu\u00edmica Aplicada e Biotecnologia, vol. 135, n\u00ba. 2, 2006, pp. 133-144. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17159237<\/a> Shirahata, Sanetaka, et ai. \u201cA \u00e1gua eletrolisada-reduzida elimina as esp\u00e9cies de oxig\u00eanio ativo e protege o DNA de danos oxidativos\u201d. Comunica\u00e7\u00f5es de Pesquisa Bioqu\u00edmica e Biof\u00edsica, vol. 234, n\u00ba. 1, 1997, pp. 269-274. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9169001<\/a> Yanagihara, Tomoyuki, et ai. \u201c\u00c1gua saturada de hidrog\u00eanio eletrolisada para uso pot\u00e1vel provoca um efeito antioxidante: um teste de alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o com ratos.\u201d Bioci\u00eancia, Biotecnologia e Bioqu\u00edmica, vol. 69, n\u00ba. 10, 2005, p\u00e1gs. 1985-1987. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16244454<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) What is oxidation-reduction potential? Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) measures the ability of a lake or river to cleanse itself or break down waste products, such as contaminants and dead plants and animals. When the ORP value is high, there is lots of oxygen present in the water. This means that bacteria that decompose dead tissue and contaminants can work more efficiently. In general, the higher the ORP value, the healthier the lake or river is. However, even in healthy lakes and rivers, there is less oxygen (and therefore lower ORP values) as you get closer to the bottom sediments (mud; see the picture below of a lake bottom). This is because there are many bacteria working hard in the sediments to decompose dead tissue, and they use up a lot of the available oxygen. In fact, oxygen disappears very quickly in the bottom mud (often within a centimeter or two) and ORP falls quickly. ORP is measured in addition to dissolved oxygen because ORP can provide scientists with additional information of the water quality and degree of pollution, if present. Also, there are other elements that can function like oxygen (in terms of chemistry) and contribute to increased ORP. Why does oxidation-reduction potential matter? ORP depends on the amount of dissolved oxygen that is in the water, as well as the number of other elements that function similarly to oxygen. Though not technically correct, oxygen and other elements that contribute to high ORP effectively help \u2018eat\u2019 things that we don\u2019t want in the water \u2013 such as contaminants and dead tissues. When ORP is low, dissolved oxygen is low, the toxicity of certain metals and contaminants can increase, and there is lots of dead and decaying material in the water that cannot be cleared or decomposed. This is not a healthy environment for fish or bugs. In healthy waters, ORP should read high between 300 and 500 millivolts. In the North, we might expect low ORP in waters that receive sewage inputs or industrial waste. [Oxidants = Damaging Cells] [Antioxdidants = Protecting Cells] How do we measure oxidation-reduction potential? ORP is measured directly in the lake or river water that you are investigating using an ORP sensor. ORP is measured in millivolts (mV) and the more oxygen that is present in the water, the higher the ORP reading is. ORP can either be above zero or below zero. References For More Information Hamasaki, Takeki, et al. \u201cElectrochemically Reduced Water Exerts Superior Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Activity in HT1080 Cells Than the Equivalent Level of Hydrogen-dissolved Water.\u201d PLoS One, vol. 12, no. 2, 2017. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28182635 Hanaoka, Kokichi, et al. \u201cThe Mechanism of the Enhanced Antioxidant Effects Against Superoxide Anion Radicals of Reduced Water Produced by Electrolysis.\u201d Biophysical Chemistry, vol. 107, no. 1, 2004, pp. 71-82. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14871602 Hanaoka, K. \u201cAntioxidant Effects of Reduced Water Produced by Electrolysis of Sodium Chloride Solutions.\u201d Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, vol. 31, no. 12, 2001, pp. 1307-1313. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1013825009701 Huang, Kuo-Chin, et al. \u201cReduced Hemodialysis-Induced Oxidative Stress in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients by Electrolyzed Reduced Water.\u201d Kidney International, vol. 64, no. 2, 2003, pp. 704\u2013714. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12846769 KeramatiYazdi, Fatemeh, et al. \u201cRadioprotective Effect of Zamzam (Alkaline) Water: A Cytogenetic Study.\u201d Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, vol. 167, 2017, pp. 166-169. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27839844 Lee, Mi Young, et al. \u201cElectrolyzed-Reduced Water Protects Against Oxidative Damage to DNA, RNA, and Protein.\u201d Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, vol. 135, no. 2, 2006, pp. 133-144. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17159237 Shirahata, Sanetaka, et al. \u201cElectrolyzed\u2013Reduced Water Scavenges Active Oxygen Species and Protects DNA from Oxidative Damage.\u201d Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 234, no. 1, 1997, pp. 269\u2013274. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9169001 Yanagihara, Tomoyuki, et al. \u201cElectrolyzed Hydrogen-Saturated Water for Drinking Use Elicits an Antioxidative Effect: A Feeding Test with Rats.\u201d Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, vol. 69, no. 10, 2005, pp. 1985-1987. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16244454<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2316,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[31,40,36,37],"class_list":["post-2243","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water-ionizer","tag-alkaline-water","tag-antioxtidants","tag-orp","tag-oxidation-reduction-potential"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ionfarms.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2243"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ionfarms.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ionfarms.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ionfarms.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ionfarms.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2243"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ionfarms.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2243\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ionfarms.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2316"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ionfarms.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2243"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ionfarms.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2243"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ionfarms.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2243"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}